Onomatopoeia

Definition: a word that describes a sound
Example: buzz, boom, smash
Significance: It makes the poem more interesting.

Personification

Definition: to give something, that is not human, human traits
Example: "Hey diddle, Diddle,
                The cat and the fiddle,
                The cow jumped over the moon;
                The little dog laughed 
                To see such sport,
                And the dish ran away with the spoon."

                  -Mother Goose

Significance: It makes the poem more dramatic and interesting. Personification can also 

give a poem a certain mood.

Imagery

Definition: to describe how something looks, feels,
                sounds, tastes, or smells
Example: "I wandered lonely as a cloud
                That floats on high o'er vales and hills, 
                When all at once I saw a crowd,
                A host, of golden daffodils;
                Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
                Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.  
                For oft, when on my couch I lie
                In vacant or in pensive mood,
               They flash upon that inward eye
               Which is the bliss of solitude;
               And then my heart with pleasure fills,
               And dances with the daffodils."
                 -William Wordsworth
Significance: It shows the reader what everything in the poem looks, feels, sounds, tastes or smells by using visual, tactile, auditory, gustatory, or olfactory imagery. 

Simile

Definition: comparing things using like or as
Example:  Shrek: Ogres are like onions.
                Donkey: They stink?
                Shrek: Yes. No!
                Donkey: They make you cry?
                Shrek: No!
                Donkey: You leave them out in the sun, they 

                                                                                    get all brown, start sprouting little 

                                                                                    white hairs.

                                                                     Shrek: No! Layers! Onions have layers!
                                                                     (Shrek, 2001)

Significance: Similes help the reader understand a concept by comparing it to another concept.

Repetition

Definition: to repeat a phrase or word
Example: "Because I do not hope to turn again/Because I do not hope/Because I do not hope to turn..."
                 -T.S. Eliot
Significance: Repetition helps to give a poem rhythm.

Tone

Definition: the attitude the poem implies
Example: "People never believe you." 
                       -Holden Caulfield
Significance: Without a tone, a poem would be boring, flat statements. It gives the poem a sort of personality.

Interpretation

Definition: one's own view of another's figurative work
Example: In the poem "if" by Rudyard Kipling, the line "keep your head" can be interpreted as keeping your sanity.

Significance: The reader of a poem always interprets what they read.